Jigsaw Puzzles

This section is about Jigsaws (Jig-Saw Puzzles). They are a type of edge-matching puzzle, where, usually, each tile's edge has only one viable mate. I say "usually" because there are a few where the designer has violated this constraint to create a more difficult puzzle - examples include some Stave designs, and the Gradual Despair line. I don't collect jigsaw puzzles, though they are a huge category and we've got plenty of them lying about the house. However, some sub-species may be of interest to the mechanical puzzle collector...

Vintage and Traditional Jigsaws

This is one of the many Parker Brothers Pastime wooden jigsaw puzzles manufactured during the 1920's and 1930's. According to Anne Williams in her book "The Jigsaw Puzzle - Piecing Together a History," these were cut by hand mostly by women workers, each of whom would incorporate various kinds of "whimsies" - figural piece shapes - into the puzzle. This one is called "The Mail Coach" and has about 65 pieces.

According to Anne the first jigsaw "craze" lasted from about 1907 to 1910, followed by another during the Great Depression from 1932 to the spring of 1933. Hand-cut wooden-backed jigsaws - particularly those containing whimsies and employing other devious tricks - are far more interesting than the modern, mass-produced die-cut cardboard puzzles one typically finds crowding the shelves today. Some are very collectible, commanding hundreds or even thousands of dollars.

High-quality jigsaw puzzles can be obtained from a few companies:

Stave has recently released affordable versions of two of their tricky designs, Seahorse Shanty, and Fishbowl Frenzy. In each case, the "frame" can be assembled more than one way, and only some or one permits the seahorses or fish to be built inside the frame.


Vintage "jigsaw" puzzles were referred to as "dissected pictures" or "picture puzzles." The pictures were simply cut up, sometimes along color boundaries, using fairly unconvoluted edges. This style is called "push-fit." The earliest dissected picture puzzles date from the 1700's, and were mostly dissected maps used for educational purposes.

The Smashed-Up Locomotive - by Milton Bradley, from the late 1860's. One piece is missing from my copy. My copy is cut slightly differently than that pictured in Williams' book.

Hood's Sarsparilla Rainy Day / Balloon Puzzle - a factory and carriage scene on one side in brilliant color, and a balloon sighting on the other. I have two copies, each missing pieces. They are cut slightly differently and one cannot substitute pieces to make a single complete puzzle.

   

Singer Buffalo Puzzle

Pageant of the States


K Puzzle - Sprookjesvertellen - "Telling Fairytales" - 76 deelig (pieces)

This wooden puzzle measures about 120x165mm assembled. Its pieces are all present and are rather strangely shaped squarish curls. There are no whimsies. Geert Bekkering, a Dutch jigsaw puzzle expert, calls this cutting style "long line angular" and says it is typical of the German brand "Schutzmarke Katharina" which started sometime between 1908 and 1910. The box paper, the art-nouveau style of the labels, the archaic spelling of "deelig" with two e's, the use of plywood with a thick inner layer, and the relatively small numbers of pieces for adult puzzles indicate that these date from prior to 1925, perhaps to the first craze of 1909.

Here are examples (I don't have) of a Schutzmarke Katharina box cover and pieces. Note the picture of Katharina (the name is in red across the picture), and the piece shapes similar to those of the K Puzzles.

 

Another K Puzzle - a hunting scene called Op 't Spor - "On the Scent" - 84 pieces:

You can see more vintage jigsaws at Bob Armstrong's Old Puzzles website, Joe Seymour's site, and Puzzlehistory.com.


Bits and Pieces sold this very nice wooden jigsaw called Rocky Tree.
Another style of puzzle is a set of cubes where each of a block's six faces contributes a part of six different pictures that can be formed. This set of scenes from the "Madeline" books is a good puzzle for children. This puzzle presents one nice challenge based on violating a preconception.

Changeable Charlie (try Changeable Charlie online), first produced in the 1940's, is a classic toy similar to this type of puzzle. I had one as a child. It's not really a puzzle, since the blocks are meant to form many different pictures from component features. It was based on an earlier design called "Ole Million Face" created in 1925 by cartoonist Carey Orr. At Judy's Old Wood Toys website, I learned that Changeable Charlie was produced by the Gaston Manufacturing Co. of Cincinnati OH, which was acquired by Halsam Products Co., who also acquired the Embossing Company in 1955, and who were in turn acquired by Playskool in 1962. Playskool was purchased by the Milton Bradley Co., which sold itself to Hasbro. There was also a Changeable Charlie's Aunt.

3-D Jigsaws


Some of the first 3-dimensional jigsaws were dissected spheres such as this one.

This is called "A Broken Heart - a 3-Dimension Technisolid Puzzle" and it was "designed and made only by Puzzle Guild, Inc., Chicago."

I have 8-pc. and 27-pc. Flummox Cubes, bought years ago at Games of Berkeley in California.

This is a square-cross-section stick that has been sawn into interlocking pieces. The stick is very flexible, and rests in a stand.

Century of Progress 1934 - Sphere
made by Puzzlecraft of Chicago IL.

The Wonder Block
A block of wood cut into nesting tables and chairs has appeared often.


The wooden 3-D jigsaw Scrambled Egg puzzle is a souvenir from the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. I have the blue, green, red, and yellow versions. Each is printed with a rectangular banner reading "A Century of Progress 1934 Chicago." The blue version has 20 interlocking pieces. The green one came in a box labeled "Scrambled Eggs" manufactured by Scrambled Eggs Inc. 121 W. Wacker Drive Chicago. There is a price tag on the box, from John Wanamaker Philadelphia, for 50 cents.

On one end of the box the label has a rectangle containing the word "Green" - the other end says "Average Unscrambling Time:"

The Scrambled Egg also came in a smaller size called Bantam Eggs. I have a red one and a blue one.


For Christmas 2006, Rocky Chiaro sent me one of four of his original plexiglass and brass Perplexity puzzles. Thanks, Rocky!

It's hefty and beautiful and a part of mechanical puzzle history! Rocky tells the story of how he got into making mechanical puzzles from brass on his website. Thanks again, Rocky!


Bits and Pieces offered this affordable version of T-Dof by Rocky Chiaro. It's a brass golf ball in eight pieces, held together by the spindle when assembled.

 

The Bogey Ball is a plastic golf ball divided into eight interlocking pieces. Where the T-Dof's pieces have rectilinear flanges that don't really grip each other, the flanges on the pieces of the Bogey Ball have a more traditional jigsaw-type fit.


Mag-Nif offers several 3-D jigsaws:

Jeruel also offers a set of 3D Crystal Puzzles.

This wooden apple is from the Pacific Puzzle Company.

These are 3D animals made of interlocking plastic pieces:

There are a whole lot of different animals available!


My Dad sent me this VenusSchlussel (Venus Key) from the Lilliput Motor Company

I got this cowboy from auction

I believe his mate is this cowgirl (which I do not have): 


Rubik's calls this their "3-D Jigsaw." Assemble jigsaw pieces on the surface of a cube.

The Wavy Cuts Family

There have been several puzzles where a block of wood has been sliced using two perpendicular sets of parallel wavy cuts to form a bundle of wavy sticks that must be re-fit together to make a block. Another use of a jig saw, but without the interlocking aspect.


Sweet Sixteen from Mossy Creek (Gift from Brett)

Kontoor

This is the Crazy Mixed Up Contour Puzzle, made in Taiwan for Shackman.

5x5 blue bundle
(from Steve Merritt collection)

This is the Executive Mental Block puzzle by Benjor. A mahogany cube has been sliced up into a 3x3x4 assembly, but the pieces do not interlock.

A. Z. Plerp and the Cadaco Cluster Puzzles

One of the first puzzles I added to my collection is an original Cadaco Cluster Puzzle - #1 Animals. I discovered a website devoted to the Cluster Puzzles, run by Kelvin Palmer, the son of the original creator. From there, I was able to purchase a copy of the Smart People's Story Puzzle. In the Cluster Puzzles, the pattern is not a single picture - rather, each piece has its own figure and the pictures do not really provide a clue to assembly.

Six small puzzles were made, and one large puzzle - the Smart People's Story Puzzle, which was originally known as "The Amazing Discovery of Alec Zandimer Plerp."


#1 Animals

Figments

Sports

Make-Up

Doodles

Whimsies

Story Puzzle

Figments, Animals, and Doodles
were sold as a set in one box

The website offers a Collector's Guide which contains repros of the hint sheets.

I ran across a jigsaw cut before 1910 by Margaret Richardson, called "A Bad Dream," which seems to be a precursor to the Cluster Puzzles.

Gradual Despair

Kelvin's father also came up with a line of 6 "Gradual Despair" puzzles. Using only 15 pieces, assemble a loop enclosing an outline of a recognizable figure.

Other Figural Jigsaws

Here is a similar kind of jigsaw-type where the pieces are figures: World of Dinosaurs by Anything's Puzzable Another figural jigsaw, called 25 Ghosts.
 


16 (Sedici) Animali by Enzo Mari. This version is made of an interesting tan plastic which has "grain" patterns and the feel and sound (when tapped) of wood. The pieces are 17mm thick and overall the puzzle measures 338x245mm when assembled. I don't have the box. The elephant piece is stamped Made in Italy Danese Milano Copyright Enzo Mari 1997. (The 7 is hard to read). I don't think this is a numbered edition. The wooden numbered edition goes for around $400. Originally issued by Danese in 1957 (produced in wood using a single cut), re-issued by Alessi in 1997. There is a companion piece (I don't have) called 16 Fish (Sedici Pesci).


Tessera (now Busy Beetles from DaMert) - 1996 by John Osborn. Assemble the Escher-esque interlocking beetle shapes to tile the plane. Rick Peterson has a site devoted to the Tessera puzzle, where he explains the taxonomy of the eight different beetles. Find more Tessera info and see some patterns at "Rajordan.com."

You can find a great deal of material on the web regarding tiling of the plane:

Jigsaw Puzzles from Synergistics Research Corporation

"Synergistics Research Corp." (New York, New York 10011) made several jigsaw puzzles years ago. I have not found an exhaustive list, but they include:

I've obtained some of the above...

Others I don't have...

Other Interesting Jigsaws

This four-piece plastic puzzle is called Oskar's Fractiles. It was designed by Oskar van Deventer. Find a way to insert the three identical yellow pieces into the black piece and form a symmetric assembly.

This simple 4-piece jigsaw from Binary Arts is ingenious. This design has appeared in many guises, in wood as well as metal (see the Hanayama "Spiral" for example).

This 9-piece jigsaw-like assembly with a (licensed) Star-Wars theme is a Frito Lay premium, and is part of a larger collection of four such assemblies in different colors. Each piece contains an image and image fragments of neighboring pieces. The images have a 3D effect, and when held up to the light, the images are strikingly clear.

The Dotti Puzzle - made in Merton Devon England by Active Education, distributed by Gazebo Games (wholesale only - requires id/password) - fundemental.biz has it - it's positioned as a workplace management training tool. 24 white pieces with no instructions or solutions, but the box claims it forms a "solid recognisable shape when completed." The box cautions one to "clear the mind completely" and "make no assumptions," and claims that "each piece has blue dots on one side and red on the other." I suppose one's assumptions are supposed to be an impediment to solving this puzzle, but it didn't really seem that hard. Perhaps some sloppy piece-cutting gave away the game for me.


The "Diagonal Maze" puzzles Lost in a Jigsaw - Escape from Eden, and Lost in a Jigsaw II - Survival of the Fittest were issued by Buffalo Games, Inc. (BGI) in 1997 and 2001 respectively. They are based on one of the ideas covered in Donald Scott's 1994 U.S. patent 5351957 - which says, "correct placement ... is determined from information available only in the sum of all the correctly assembled [clusters]." Clusters of pieces are assembled into squares which can then be joined in multiple positions. The correct position for each cluster must be determined by figuring out the clues offered in the illustrations revealed on the completed clusters. Games Magazine had voted Escape from Eden the "Best Puzzle of the Year."


This jigsaw is in the shape of a circle and has over 500 pieces. It is called "Little Red Riding Hood's Hood" and is solid red in color. Way back in my college years, I assembled one of these with the help of my girlfriend of the time. Man, was it tedious! But we were determined, and eventually completed it. I think we then shellaced it, and that copy is long gone.

Springbok also made an all-white version called Snow White Without the Seven Dwarves, an all-brown one called Close-up of the Three Bears, an all-blue one called Little Boy Blue Coming Home, and a reflective-surfaced version called Enchantment. You can see these and other Springbok jigsaws at Mike Helland's Spingbok Fever site, and at "Courtney's" site.


This is a "Shmuzzle Puzzle" called "On the Rocks." All the pieces are the same shape - interlocking lizards a la Escher.